What process involves using chemicals to agglomerate colloidal suspended materials?

The process that utilizes chemicals to agglomerate colloidal suspended materials is coagulation. Coagulation involves the addition of specific chemicals, known as coagulants, to water. These coagulants, such as alum or iron salts, cause small particles and impurities in the water to clump together into larger aggregates or flocs. This clumping process is essential because it enhances the removal of these particles in subsequent treatment steps.

Coagulation is critical in drinking water treatment as it helps to clarify the water by removing turbidity and other suspended solids, which can harbor pathogens and contribute to poor water quality. The effectiveness of coagulation depends on various factors, including the type and dosage of coagulant used, the pH of the water, and the mixing conditions during the process.

While flocculation is related and refers to the gentle mixing process that follows coagulation to foster the growth of these flocs, coagulation specifically pertains to the initial chemical addition that initiates the agglomeration. Thus, coagulation is the process directly linked to the use of chemicals to agglomerate colloidal materials.